Cars

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a serious concern in passenger vehicles, and understanding the potential dangers is crucial for ensuring the safety of occupants.

A number of studies have shown that carbon monoxide levels within the passenger cabins of cars approach, and in some cases exceed, WHO limits.

Comparison of in-car carbon monoxide values and ambient carbon monoxide, as measured by environmental stations, indicates that this is likely to be due to internal leakage of exhaust gases rather than to simple ingress of external pollution.

To date, however, no comparable study has been published within the UK.

The public health implications of this are clear. In the UK, approximately 16.7m people commute to work by car. If carbon monoxide leaks are present in even a small percentage of these vehicles, the potential scale of carbon monoxide exposure is very high.

Given that young children are especially well-represented in the population of those who travel daily in cars, this is especially concerning.

Particularly given what we know about the increased susceptibility of carbon monoxide poisoning to children.
(link to At Risk Groups page - Children and Infants)

In 2018 the CO Research Trust funded a pilot study carried out by Dr Sophie Duggan of AirSafe London to look at measuring in car levels of carbon monoxide.

Read more about this study here.

Below is an overview of the risks associated with carbon monoxide exposure in passenger vehicles, and how to mitigate those risks.

These include.

• Exhaust Systems
• Idling Vehicles
• Aftermarket Modifications
• Closed Windows and Vents
• Traffic Jams

Exhaust Systems

The primary source of carbon monoxide in vehicles is the combustion of fuel in the engine. The exhaust system carries carbon monoxide away from the engine, but leaks or malfunctions can lead to its entry into the vehicle cabin.

Regular maintenance of the exhaust system is essential. Address any visible signs of damage or leaks promptly.

Idling Vehicles

Extended idling, especially in enclosed spaces like garages, can lead to the buildup of carbon monoxide. This risk is higher in older vehicles or those with malfunctioning emission control systems.

Avoid idling in enclosed spaces. If idling is necessary, ensure proper ventilation and move the vehicle to an open area.

Aftermarket Modifications

Improperly installed or modified exhaust systems, such as aftermarket mufflers, can increase the risk of carbon monoxide entering the vehicle cabin.

Ensure that any aftermarket modifications comply with safety standards and regulations. Regularly inspect the exhaust system for leaks.

Closed Windows and Vents

Closing windows and vents in cold or adverse weather conditions, combined with a malfunctioning exhaust system, can lead to carbon monoxide accumulation in the vehicle.

Maintain proper ventilation by periodically opening windows, especially during extended drives. Avoid closing windows and vents in stationary vehicles.

Traffic Jams

During traffic jams vehicles may be near exhaust fumes from other vehicles, increasing the risk of carbon monoxide exposure.

Maintain a safe distance from other vehicles, especially in congested traffic. Use the vehicle's internal circulation mode in heavy traffic to minimise external fumes.

The following steps should be taken to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide in passenger vehicles.

Preventive Checks

Get your vehicle serviced in between the annual MOT. Have your vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic to identify potential issues with the exhaust system.

Windows and Vents

Keep windows slightly open, especially when idling or in traffic jams. Ensure that air vents are unblocked to allow proper ventilation.

Avoid Idling in Enclosed Spaces
Avoid idling your vehicle in enclosed spaces, such as garages. Move the vehicle to an open area to prevent carbon monoxide buildup.

Be Wary of Aftermarket Modifications

If you make aftermarket modifications to your vehicle, ensure that they comply with safety standards and do not compromise the exhaust system.

Internal Circulation in Traffic
In heavy traffic or situations with potential external exhaust exposure, use the internal circulation mode to minimise the intake of outside air.

Symptom Awareness

Inform passengers about the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning and encourage them to report any signs immediately.

Essential Equipment

Consider installing a carbon monoxide detector in campervans. These devices can provide an early warning of elevated carbon monoxide levels.

Watch Dr Sophie Duggan present the findings of her study looking at carbon monoxide levels in passengers vehicles.